Methods and analysis
Surface Emissivity in Thermal Retrieval: Material Assumptions Matter
Emissivity describes how efficiently a surface emits thermal radiation relative to a reference blackbody.
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Satellite reviews
Landsat 1 Review: Measurements, Products and Practical GIS Use
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Methods and analysis
Urban Heat Islands from Satellites: Surface Heat Is a Specific Metric
Satellite surface-temperature maps describe radiometric surface conditions at an overpass time.
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Methods and analysis
Thermal Anomalies and Active Fire: Detection Is Not Fire Intensity
A thermal anomaly indicates a radiance pattern exceeding a product’s detection criteria.
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Methods and analysis
Crop Water Stress Screening with Thermal Satellite Data
Canopy temperature can relate to transpiration and water status, but the relationship depends on weather, canopy structure and soil contribution.
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Methods and analysis
Day and Night Thermal Observations: Interpreting Heat Storage
Daytime and nighttime thermal observations sample different parts of the surface energy cycle.
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Methods and analysis
Thermal Mixed Pixels: Small Targets in Coarse Observations
A thermal pixel can contain surfaces with different temperatures and emissivities.
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Methods and analysis
Water Surface Temperature from Space: Skin Temperature and Timing
Thermal infrared satellites estimate a radiometric temperature close to the water surface under suitable conditions.
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Methods and analysis
Comparing Thermal Dates: Weather Normalization and Stable References
A temperature difference between satellite dates combines surface change with weather, solar conditions and observation timing.
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Methods and analysis
Hyperspectral Versus Multispectral Data: Spectral Sampling and Information
Hyperspectral imaging records many relatively narrow spectral channels, while multispectral systems record fewer broader bands.
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Methods and analysis
Bad-Band Screening in Imaging Spectroscopy
Hyperspectral datasets can contain channels affected by atmospheric absorption, low signal, detector problems or calibration limits.
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Methods and analysis
Continuum Removal for Absorption-Feature Comparison
Continuum removal expresses absorption structure relative to an estimated spectral envelope.
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Methods and analysis
Spectral Angle Mapper: Similarity Without Unique Material Identity
Spectral angle mapper compares the angle between spectral vectors.
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